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OFFICIUM

Glossary

How to read Officium — official records vs. automated research flags, in plain English.

How to read this site

  • Official records — STOCK Act trades, financial disclosures, FEC filings, lobbying, FARA, ethics cases, and sponsored travel come from government sources (sometimes via public bulk reprocessors).
  • Research flags — Our software compares a member’s money with their official work and marks the overlaps. Flags are leads to check, not accusations. They are never convictions or proof of wrongdoing.
  • Coverage gaps — Thin dossiers often mean we have not ingested a source for that member yet. Explore gaps.

Core terms

Research flag
Our software compares a member’s money — stock trades, donors, disclosed assets — against their official work, like votes, bills, and committee hearings, and marks the overlaps. Flags are leads to check, not accusations. Every flag links to the filings behind it, or is labeled unverified.
Match strength (Strong / Moderate / Weak)
How tightly a research flag matched the pattern our software looks for — not how serious anything is. Strongest means the overlap was the tightest: the dates were closest, or the money and the official action are directly connected, like a donor testifying to the member’s own committee. Plenty of flags involve no dates at all, so strength is never a measure of wrongdoing. A strong match is still only a lead to check.
Stock-trade disclosure (PTR)
The report a member of Congress must file shortly after buying or selling a stock — officially a Periodic Transaction Report, required by the STOCK Act, and due within 45 days of the trade. Roughly half of the current Congress has trade filings on record; the trades page shows the current counts, which change as new reports are filed.
vs. market (excess return)
How much the stock a member traded went up or down compared with the overall market after the trade date — a percentage estimate from QuiverQuant. It is not dollar profit: disclosed trade amounts are only ranges, so nobody outside the member's broker knows the actual gain or loss.
Annual financial disclosure (PFD)
The once-a-year report of a member’s assets, debts, outside jobs, and gifts — officially a Personal Financial Disclosure. Values are reported in broad ranges, so any wealth figure built from them is an estimate.
Lobbying registration (LDA)
The paperwork lobbyists file under the Lobbying Disclosure Act: who pays them and which issues they lobby Congress about. Covers domestic clients — paid foreign influence is filed separately under FARA.
Foreign-agent registration (FARA)
Registration under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. People and firms paid to influence U.S. policy for foreign governments or parties must publicly say who hired them and what they do.
FEC campaign-finance records
Federal Election Commission data — who gives money to campaigns and political committees, and how it gets spent.
Outside spending (IE)
Money spent for or against a candidate by groups that are not the campaign and may not coordinate with it — officially an independent expenditure (IE).
War chest / cash on hand
The money a member’s campaign has in the bank — already raised, not yet spent. A large war chest can deter challengers long before an election.
Flag score
A running total that adds up how many of our automated checks flagged a member, weighted by match strength. There is no fixed maximum and it is not a percentage. A higher score means more leads to check — it never means guilt.
Estimated net worth
Our estimate of what a member is worth, built from the assets and debts on their annual financial disclosure. Those forms report broad ranges rather than exact dollars, so this is an approximation, not a bank balance. When a filing cannot be read, we show it as unknown — never as $0.
Coverage / gaps
Whether Officium has ingested a given data source for a member. Missing often means “not in our files yet,” not “never happened.”
Open data, no accounts
Everything on Officium is open — every dataset, every year, every former official. No sign-in, no paywall. The raw JSON behind each page is downloadable from the Data Catalog.

Research flags

These are the badges on Officials, Trades, and member pages. Hover any badge on those pages for the same wording.

Wealth + market gains
This member reports high wealth on their annual financial disclosure, and their trades have beaten the market. An automated hint, not proof of anything.
Wealth jump + trading
Their reported wealth jumped from one year's disclosure to the next during a period of heavier trading. An automated hint, not proof of anything.
Opaque finances
Their disclosures are thin on detail while showing high debts, gifts, or travel. An automated hint, not proof of anything.
Committee + holdings
The topics their committee handles look similar to what they own or trade. A keyword match — check it yourself before drawing conclusions.
Donor timing
A donation from a political action committee (PAC) or a party committee landed within about 45 days of one of their stock trades. From Federal Election Commission (FEC) records — timing alone is not proof of coordination.
Committee + donors
Their committee's subject area lines up with sizable giving to them from political action committees (PACs) or party committees. An automated hint, not proof of anything.
High disclosed wealth
Their annual financial disclosure puts their estimated net worth above the cutoff we use for high wealth. Disclosures report broad ranges, so this is an estimate.
Jobs + lobbying
An outside job or board seat on their disclosure matches the name of a lobbying client. A text match worth checking, not a finding.
Lobbying + assets
Lobbying registrations tied to this member cover topics similar to assets on their disclosure. A text match worth checking, not a finding.
Foreign agents + donors
A name from a foreign-agent registration (FARA) resembles a donor on their campaign-finance filings. A text match — not proof of foreign money.
Travel + sponsors
A sponsor of their privately funded travel matches a lobbying client or a campaign committee name. A text match worth checking, not a finding.
Outside spending + trades
Groups spending for or against this member work in the same industry as stocks they traded. A keyword match, not proof of anything.

What goes into the flag score

The flag score adds up the groups of flags below, weighted by match strength. More groups means more to check — never that anything was proven.

Trading around official events insider_trader
More stock trading than usual around bills, votes, or filing dates.
Thin financial disclosure pfd_opacity
The annual financial disclosure is sparse or hard to read given how active the member is.
Revolving door with lobbying revolving_door
Lobbying or similar work before, around, or after their time in office.
Committee work matches their money sector_capture
The industry their committee or bills cover is the same industry they invest in.
Family or vendor ties family_business
Family members or paid vendors who may cross paths with the member’s official work.
Donor money matches their committee money_pipeline
Donations, including from political action committees (PACs), come from the industry their committee oversees.
Chair funded by one industry captured_chair
A leadership or chair role paired with money concentrated in a single industry.
Foreign-influence ties nearby foreign_influence
Foreign-agent registrations (FARA) or similar records turn up close to this member.
Many flags stacked together apex_target
Several of the groups above fired for the same member — the most to check, not the most guilt.

Types of research flag

Showing 157 of 157 flag types. Browse live flags →

  • Financial disclosure: Spouse Income Finance
    P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE
    Automated research flag: PFD Spouse Income Finance. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Family & vendor
  • Financial disclosure: Book Royalty Income
    P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME
    Automated research flag: PFD Book Royalty Income. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Nonprofit Board Role
    P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE
    Automated research flag: PFD Nonprofit Board Role. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: for Profit Director
    P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR
    Automated research flag: PFD for Profit Director. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Family Business Entity
    P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY
    Automated research flag: PFD Family Business Entity. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Family & vendor
  • SEC 13dg Insider
    P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER
    Automated research flag: SEC 13dg Insider. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Insider & enforcement
  • Financial disclosure: Holding Heavy Lobbying Co
    P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO
    Automated research flag: PFD Holding Heavy Lobbying Co. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Lobbying
  • Financial disclosure: Holding Patent Heavy
    P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY
    Automated research flag: PFD Holding Patent Heavy. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Holding Fed Contractor
    P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR
    Automated research flag: PFD Holding Fed Contractor. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • JFC Channeled Member
    P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER
    Automated research flag: JFC Channeled Member. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Leadership PAC money flow
    P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW
    Automated research flag: Leadership PAC money flow. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Networth Growth
    P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH
    Automated research flag: PFD Networth Growth. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Sponsored Sector Bill Holding
    P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: Sponsored Sector Bill Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Financial disclosure: Sin Industry Holding
    P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Sin Industry Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Health Insurer Holding
    P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Health Insurer Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Big Tech Holding Antitrust
    P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST
    Automated research flag: PFD Big Tech Holding Antitrust. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Defense Holding Armed Services
    P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES
    Automated research flag: PFD Defense Holding Armed Services. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Semiconductor Holding CHIPS ACT
    P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT
    Automated research flag: PFD Semiconductor Holding CHIPS ACT. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Agribusiness Holding Agriculture
    P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE
    Automated research flag: PFD Agribusiness Holding Agriculture. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Insurance Holding Banking
    P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING
    Automated research flag: PFD Insurance Holding Banking. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Telecom Holding FCC
    P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC
    Automated research flag: PFD Telecom Holding FCC. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Heavy reliance on mega-donors
    P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY
    Automated research flag: Heavy reliance on mega-donors. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Bank Holding Banking committee
    P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT
    Automated research flag: PFD Bank Holding Banking Cmt. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Auto Holding NHTSA
    P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA
    Automated research flag: PFD Auto Holding NHTSA. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Airlines Holding Aviation
    P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION
    Automated research flag: PFD Airlines Holding Aviation. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Oil Gas Holding Energy
    P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY
    Automated research flag: PFD Oil Gas Holding Energy. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Pharma Holding Help
    P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP
    Automated research flag: PFD Pharma Holding Help. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Clean Energy Holding
    P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Clean Energy Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: REIT Holding Banking
    P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING
    Automated research flag: PFD REIT Holding Banking. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Asset Manager Holding Banking
    P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING
    Automated research flag: PFD Asset Manager Holding Banking. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Mining Metals Holding
    P129_PFD_MINING_METALS_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Mining Metals Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Out-of-state donor concentration
    P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION
    Automated research flag: Out-of-state donor concentration. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Sector Concentration
    P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION
    Automated research flag: PFD Sector Concentration. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: High Holding Count
    P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT
    Automated research flag: PFD High Holding Count. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: Partnership Holding Heavy
    P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY
    Automated research flag: PFD Partnership Holding Heavy. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Financial disclosure: High Net Worth Top Decile
    P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: PFD High Net Worth Top Decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Networth Growth Beats Market
    P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET
    Automated research flag: PFD Networth Growth Beats Market. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Newly Elected High Assets
    P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS
    Automated research flag: PFD Newly Elected High Assets. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Lifetime PAC contributions in top decile
    P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: Lifetime PAC contributions in top decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Lifetime receipts in top decile
    P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: Lifetime receipts in top decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • High PAC funding dependency
    P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH
    Automated research flag: High PAC funding dependency. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Active Trader Recent
    P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT
    Automated research flag: Active Trader Recent. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Fraud Filer Exposure
    P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE
    Automated research flag: Fraud Filer Exposure. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Large Trade High Bracket
    P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET
    Automated research flag: Large Trade High Bracket. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Rapid Buy Sell Same Ticker
    P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER
    Automated research flag: Rapid Buy Sell Same Ticker. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Financial disclosure: Cash Heavy Holding
    P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Cash Heavy Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Treasury Heavy Holding
    P146_PFD_TREASURY_HEAVY_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Treasury Heavy Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • PAC Industry Dominant
    P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT
    Automated research flag: PAC Industry Dominant. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Leadership PAC Heavy Receipts
    P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS
    Automated research flag: Leadership PAC Heavy Receipts. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Leadership PAC Multiple
    P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE
    Automated research flag: Leadership PAC Multiple. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Large Gift Recent
    P154_PFD_LARGE_GIFT_RECENT
    Automated research flag: PFD Large Gift Recent. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Family & vendor
  • Financial disclosure: Large Reimbursed Travel
    P155_PFD_LARGE_REIMBURSED_TRAVEL
    Automated research flag: PFD Large Reimbursed Travel. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Income Growth year over year
    P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY
    Automated research flag: PFD Income Growth YOY. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Sponsored Bills Top Decile
    P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: Sponsored Bills Top Decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Cosponsored Bills Top Decile
    P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: Cosponsored Bills Top Decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Financial disclosure: Foreign Domiciled Tickers
    P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS
    Automated research flag: PFD Foreign Domiciled Tickers. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Foreign influence
  • Unusual daily donation spike
    P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE
    Unusually large single-day contribution total relative to the member's baseline.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Broad Index Fund Heavy
    P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY
    Automated research flag: PFD Broad Index Fund Heavy. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Target Date Retirement Fund
    P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND
    Automated research flag: PFD Target Date Retirement Fund. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: No Individual Stocks
    P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS
    Automated research flag: PFD No Individual Stocks. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Multiple Family Trusts
    P163_PFD_MULTIPLE_FAMILY_TRUSTS
    Automated research flag: PFD Multiple Family Trusts. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Family & vendor
  • Financial disclosure: Inherited Wealth Indicator
    P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR
    Automated research flag: PFD Inherited Wealth Indicator. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Professional Licensure Income
    P165_PFD_PROFESSIONAL_LICENSURE_INCOME
    Automated research flag: PFD Professional Licensure Income. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Networth Decline year over year
    P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY
    Automated research flag: PFD Networth Decline YOY. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Zero Liabilities
    P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES
    Automated research flag: PFD Zero Liabilities. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: High Leverage Ratio
    P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO
    Automated research flag: PFD High Leverage Ratio. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Large New Holding Initiated
    P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED
    Automated research flag: PFD Large New Holding Initiated. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Lobbyist Donor Share
    P16_LOBBYIST_DONOR_SHARE
    Automated research flag: Lobbyist Donor Share. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Lobbying
  • Financial disclosure: New Income Source
    P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE
    Automated research flag: PFD New Income Source. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: New Liability Recent
    P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT
    Automated research flag: PFD New Liability Recent. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Gifts and Travel Both
    P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH
    Automated research flag: PFD Gifts and Travel Both. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Family & vendor
  • Financial disclosure: Liabilities Top Decile
    P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE
    Automated research flag: PFD Liabilities Top Decile. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Homebuilder Holding
    P176_PFD_HOMEBUILDER_HOLDING
    Automated research flag: PFD Homebuilder Holding. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Trade Burst Day
    P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY
    Automated research flag: Trade Burst Day. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Round Bracket Trader
    P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER
    Automated research flag: Round Bracket Trader. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Multiple members trading same ticker in a window
    P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER
    Several members trade the same ticker in a short window (research lead only).
    Coordinated / systemic
  • High Ticker Diversity
    P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY
    Automated research flag: High Ticker Diversity. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • High bill sponsorship volume
    P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME
    Automated research flag: High bill sponsorship volume. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Repeated similar bill titles
    P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE
    Automated research flag: Repeated similar bill titles. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Multi-decade congressional career
    P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER
    Automated research flag: Multi-decade congressional career. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Private Asset Trader
    P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER
    Automated research flag: Private Asset Trader. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Repeat Ticker Active
    P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE
    Automated research flag: Repeat Ticker Active. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Financial disclosure: Very High Positions
    P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS
    Automated research flag: PFD Very High Positions. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Financial disclosure: Passive Holder
    P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER
    Automated research flag: PFD Passive Holder. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Ideology outlier within state delegation
    P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER
    Automated research flag: Ideology outlier within state delegation. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Recent IPO Holdings
    P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS
    Automated research flag: Recent IPO Holdings. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Insider & enforcement
  • Long-tenure veteran member
    P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN
    Automated research flag: Long-tenure veteran member. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Freshman Top Decile Fundraiser
    P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER
    Automated research flag: Freshman Top Decile Fundraiser. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Pre-modern FEC era legacy record
    P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY
    Automated research flag: Pre-modern FEC era legacy record. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Contract Committee Trade
    P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE
    Automated research flag: Contract Committee Trade. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Committee & sector
  • Net Buy Delayed Disclosure
    P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE
    Automated research flag: Net Buy Delayed Disclosure. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Insider & enforcement
  • Post Vote Trade
    P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE
    Automated research flag: Post Vote Trade. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Ticker Concentration
    P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION
    Automated research flag: Ticker Concentration. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Coordinated / systemic
  • Same Day Vote Trade
    P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE
    Automated research flag: Same Day Vote Trade. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Legislative timing
  • Single-industry PAC dominance
    P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY
    Automated research flag: Single-industry PAC dominance. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • PAC Treasurer Network
    P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK
    Automated research flag: PAC Treasurer Network. Verify against primary federal sources — not a legal finding.
    Money pipeline
  • Committee jurisdiction vs PAC sector overlap
    P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT
    Heuristic overlap between committee topics and PAC/industry sectors funding the member.
    Committee & sector
  • Sponsored travel window near a stock trade
    P301_TRAVEL_SPONSOR_TRADE_WINDOW
    A disclosed stock trade falls within days of privately sponsored travel (sponsor and dates in evidence). Research lead only.
    Other signals
  • Senate gift-rule travel year with disclosed trades
    P302_GIFT_RULE_TRAVEL_TRADE_YEAR
    Senate gift-rule travel filings cover a year in which the member also disclosed STOCK Act trades.
    Family & vendor
  • PAC/committee contribution near a stock trade
    P303_FEC_DONOR_TIMING_TRADE
    A sampled FEC committee contribution date is near a disclosed stock trade (45-day window). Samples are incomplete.
    Money pipeline

Showing first 100 matches — refine search to narrow.

Data catalog & gaps·About methodology